COMPUTER INTRODUCTION

Computer Definition:

Computer is an device which is employed to store the info , as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.

 * Data: Data may be a staple of data .

 * Information : Proper collection of the info is named information.

Characteristics of Computer

 * SPEED : generally , no person can compete to solving the complex computation, faster than computer.

 * ACCURACY : Since Computer is programmed, so what ever input we provides it gives result with accuratly.

 * STORAGE : Computer can store mass storage of knowledge with appropriate formate.

 * DILIGENCE : Computer can work for hours with none break and creating error.

 * VERSATILITY : we will use computer to perform completely different sort of work on an equivalent time.

 * POWER OF STORING: It can store data for us.

 * NO IQ : Computer doesn't work without instruction.

 * NO FEELING: Computer doesn't have emotions, knowledge, experience, feeling.

 Computer and its components

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Computer : Computer itself a mixture of various sort of separate device . i.e. Computer only are going to be computer if it's data input device , PROCESS UNIT, and OUTPUT DEVICE.

 * Central Processing Unit (CPU) : it's heart and mind of the pc without this unit computer unable to process.

 * Keyboard : this is often an data input device which is employed to input the info into the pc .

 * Mouse : this is often also an data input device which is employed to input the info into the pc .

 * Monitor : this is often an output device which is employed to point out the results of the instructions.

The four basic sorts of computers are as under:

 1. Supercomputer

 2. Mainframe Computer

 3. Minicomputer

 4. Microcomputer

Supercomputer

The most powerful computers in terms of performance and processing are the Supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers employed by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.

Uses of Supercomputers

Supercomputers are wont to study the origin of the universe, the dark-matters. For these studies scientist use IBM powerful supercomputer Road runner at National Laboratory Los Alamos.

Earthquake studies

Supercomputers are used to study the Earthquakes phenomenon. Besides that supercomputers are used for natural resources exploration, like gas , petroleum, coal, etc.

Weather Forecasting

Supercomputers are used for meteorology, and to review the character and extent of Hurricanes, Rainfalls, windstorms, etc.

Nuclear weapons testing

Supercomputers are wont to run weapon simulation which will test the Range, accuracy & impact of Nuclear weapons.

Popular Supercomputers

 * IBM Sequoia, in United States

 * Fujitsua K Computer in Japan

 * IBM Mira in United States

 * IBM SuperMUC in Germany

 * NUDT Tianhe-1A in China

Mainframe computer

Although Mainframes computers are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they're very expensive, and much of huge firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations. The Mainframe computers are often accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms due to its size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data storage capacity, Mainframes also can process & store great deal of knowledge. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & policy holders.

Popular Mainframe computers

 * Fujitsua ICL VME

 * Hitachia Z800

Minicomputer

Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as Midrange Computers. These are small machines and may be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes. These computers aren't designed for one user. Individual departments of an outsized company or organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes. For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process.

Popular Minicomputers

 * K-202

 * Texas Instrument TI-990

 * SDS-92

 * IBM Midrange computers

Microcomputer

Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & smart phones are all kinds of microcomputers. The micro-computers are vastly used and it is the fastest growing computers. These computers are the most cost effective among the opposite three sorts of computers. The Micro-computers are generally designed for usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Renowned manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba.

Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound & Navigation system of a car, Notebooks, Notebooks, PDA, Tablet P, Smartphone, Calculators are all kind of Microcomputers.

Computer Generation:

Generation in computer terminology may be a change in technology a computer is/was getting used. Initially, the generation term was wont to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together structure a whole computing system.

There are five computer generations known till date. Each generation has been discussed intimately alongside their period of time and characteristics. Here approximate dates against each generations are mentioned which are normally accepted.

Following are the main five generations of computers

Generation & Description

First Generation

The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.

Second Generation

The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.

Third Generation

The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.

Fourth Generation

The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.

Fifth Generation

The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based

Application:

 Speed: Computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which made it an integrated a part of our life also as business organisations. Computers are getting used almost every walk of life.

Office Management: Most of the organisations related to( business or non-business) are moving towards digital office in order that computers are widely used today.

Internet: It is a network of computers in the world. You can flick through far more information than you'll neutralize a library. That is because computers can store enormous amounts of data . You also have in no time and convenient access to information. Through E-Mail you'll communicate with an individual sitting thousands of miles away in seconds. There is chat software that permits one to talk with another person on a true time basis. Video conferencing tools are becoming readily available to the common man.

Digital video or audio composition: Audio or video composition and editing are made much easier by computers. It not costs thousands of dollars of kit to compose music or make a movie . Graphics engineers can use computers to get short or full length films or maybe to make three dimensional models. Anybody owning a computer can now enter the sector of media production. Special effects in fantasy and action movies are created using computers.

Desktop publishing: With publication, you'll create page layout s for entire books on your pc .

Computers in Medicine: You can diagnose diseases. You can learn the cures. Software is employed in resonance imaging to look at the interior organs of the physical body . Software is used for performing surgery. Computers are used to store patient data.

Mathematical Calculations: because of computers, which have computing speeds of over 1,000,000 calculations per second we will perform the most important of mathematical calculations.

Banks: Most of the financial transactions have done by computer software. They provided us security, speed and convenience.

Travel: Anyone can book air tickets or railway tickets and also book hotel reservations online. It reduces the time wastage and travel time for everyone.

Telecommunications: Software is widely used here. In Mobile phones have software which is embedded in them for maintaining customer details and also sending message, audio and video through the mobile software. Internet is available in the mobile phone itself.

Defence: there's software embedded in almost every weapon. Software is employed for controlling the flight and targeting in ballistic missiles. Software is employed to regulate access to atomic bombs.

E-Learning: rather than a book it's easier to find out from E-learning software. It not only contains text also contain image and animation so it's very easy to know every thing.

Examinations: We can give online exams and get instant results. You can check your examination results online.

Computers in Business: Some of the shops and supermarkets use software, which calculate the bills. Taxes are also calculated and paid by online. Accounting is done using computers. One can predict future trends of business using AI software. Software is used in major stock markets. One can do trading online. There are fully automated factories running on software.

Certificates: Different types of certificates can be generated. It is very easy to make and alter layouts.

ATM machines: the pc software authenticates the user and dispenses cash.

News: There are many websites through which you'll read the newest or old news.

Robotics: Robots are controlled by software.

Washing Machines: They operate using software.

Microwave Oven: They are operated by software.

Scheduling and Planning: Maximum time Software is often wont to store contact information, generating plans, scheduling appointments and deadlines.

Plagiarism: Software can examine content for plagiarism.

Sports: Software is used for making umpiring decisions. Using simulation software a sportsperson can practice his skills. Computers are also to identify flaws in technique.

Aeroplanes: Pilots train on software, which simulates flying.

Weather analysis: Supercomputers are wont to analyze and predict weather

Video tutorial on Basics of  computer systems