computer fundamentals (part2) 2marks questions with answers
Generations
Languages used
I Generation
Machine Language, II Generation Assemble Language, Mnemonics, III
Generation High
Level Language, BASIC, PASCAL, COBOL, FORTRON, IV
generation 4GL,
V Generation Artificial Intelligence.
2. 2. Expand ENIVAC, ABC, EDVAC, EDSAC and UNIVAC.
ENIAC
– Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Calculator, ABC – Atanasoff and Berry
Computer, EDVAC
– Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Calculator, EDSAC –
Electronic Delay
Storage Automatic Calculator, UNIVAC – UNIversal Automatic
Computer.
3. 3.Who is the father of computer? Why?
Charles Babbage
is the father of computer, because the parts and working principle of
the Analytical
Engine, which is invented by Charles Babbage is similar to today’s computer.
COBOL
– Common
Business Oriented Language, BASIC - Beginner’s All Purpose
Symbolic
Instruction Code, FORTRON – FORmula TRANslation, IBM – International
Business
Machine.
5. 5.Expand IC, SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI.
IC
– Integrated
Circuit, SSI - Small Scale Integration, MSI - Medium Scale
Integration.
LSI
- Large
Scale Integration, VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration.
6. 6.What are the components of the computer
systems?
Basic components
of the computer system are Input Unit, Central Processing Unit,
Secondary
Storage Unit and Output Unit.
7.
What are the functions in the input unit?
An input device
is a device that is used to input data or information into a computer.
Some examples of
input devices include:
Keyboards,
Computer mice, Light Pen, Digitizer, Touchpad, Trackball, Image scanner,
Webcam, Video
capture / tuner cards, Microphones, MIDI instruments.
8.
What are the functions in the output unit?
In computers, a
unit which delivers information from the computer to an external device
or from internal
storage to external storage.
Speakers,
Printer, Headphone, Monitor (or) Visual Display Unit (VDU), Plotter.
9.
What is an ALU?
Arithmetic logic
unit, the part of a computer that performs all arithmetic computations,
such as addition
and multiplication, and all logical operations such s comparison operations.
The ALU is one
component of the CPU (central processing unit).
10.
Define Clients and Servers.
A client is
generally a single-user PC or workstation that provides a highly user-friendly
interface to the
end user. It runs client processes, which send service requests to the server.
A server is
generally a relatively large computer that manages a shared resource and
provides a set
of shared user services to the clients. It runs the server process, which
services
client requests
for use of the resource managed by the server. The network may be single
LAN or WAN or an
internet of networks.
11.
What is a CPU?
The CPU (central
processing unit) is the part of a computer controls the interpretation
and execution of
instructions. Generally, the CPU is a single microchip.The CPU, clock and main
memory make up a
computer. A complete computer system requires the addition of control units,
input, output
and storage devices and an operating system.
12.
What is meant by generation in computer terminology?
Generation is
the period of years in which the computers are enhanced as previous.
13.
Define personal computers?
A small,
relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price,
personal
computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars.
All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to
put an entire CPU on one chip.
Example:
Businesses use
personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop
publishing, and
for running spreadsheet and database management applications.
At
home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games.
14.
Define Mainframe computer? Give the name of any one mainframe computer.
Mainframes are
computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications,
typically bulk
data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise
resource
planning, and financial processing.. Mainframe is an industry term for a large
computer. And
because of the sheer development costs, mainframes are typically manufactured
by large
companies such as IBM, Amdahl, Hitachi.
Ex. ENIAC,
UNIVAC
15.
Define Mini computers?
A mini computer
is a multi-user or time-sharing system. It is used for medium scale data
processing such
as Bank account processing, Payroll processing etc., Mini computer process
greater storage
capacity and larger memories as compared to micro computer.
16.
Define super computer?
The fastest type
of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized
applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations.For
example,
weather
forecasting requires a supercomputer.
17.
What is a volatile and non-volatile memory?
Volatile
memory: also known as volatile storage is computer memory
that requires
power to
maintain the stored information, unlike non-volatile memory which does not
require
a maintained
power supply. It has been less popularly known as temporary memory.
Non-volatile
memory: nonvolatile memory, NVM or non-volatile storage, is
computer
memory that can
retain the stored information even when not powered.
18.
Define (1) Nibble (2) Bit (3) Byte?
(1) In computers
and digital technology, a nibble is four binary digits or half of an eightbit
byte. A nibble
can be conveniently represented by one hexadecimal digit.
(2) A bit (short
for binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit has a
Single binary
value, either 0 or 1. Although computers usually provide instructions that can
test
and manipulate
bits, they generally are designed to store data and execute instructions in
bit multiples
called bytes.
(3) In most
computer systems, a byte is a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. A
byte is the unit
most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number, or
typographic
symbol (for example, "g", "5", or "?"). A byte
can also hold a string of bits
that need to be
used in some larger unit for application purposes.
19.
Write the binary and octal equivalent of hexadecimal number 7BD?
Binary
Equivalent of 7BD = (0111 1011 1101)2
Octal Equivalent
of 7BD = (011 110 111 101) = (3675)8
20.
Find the octal equivalent of the number. (10111001100.1101011)2
Answer:
2714.654
21.
What are the basic functions of an OS?
Process
Management, Memory Management, File Management, Device Management,
Security
Management, User Interface.
22.
What are the types of Operating System? (JAN 2012)
Single user
operating system, Multi-user operating system, Time sharing operating
system, Virtual
storage operating system, Real time operating system, Multiprocessing
operating
system, Virtual machine operating system.
23.
Define Multiprocessing?
Multiprocessing
is the process of executing a single job by using multiple CPU’s.
24.
What are language translators?
The language
translators are the programs which come under system software category.
They are
Compilers, Interpreters and Assembler.
25.
What are a Compiler, Assembler and Interpreter?
Compiler:
It
is a program which is used to convert the high level language program into
machine
language.
Assembler:
It
is a program which is used to convert the assembly level language
program into
machine language.
Interpreter:
It
is a program; it takes one statement of a high level language program,
translates it
into machine language instruction and then immediately executes the resulting
machine language
instruction.
26.
What is Device Driver?
In computing, a
device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing
higherlevel
computer programs to interact with a hardware device. A driver typically
communicates
with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the
hardware connects.
27.
What is the purpose of a Device Driver?
A device driver
simplifies programming by acting as a translator between a hardware
device and the
applications or operating systems that use it. Programmers can write the
higherlevel application code independently of whatever specific hardware device
it will ultimately control, because code and device can interface in a standard
way, regardless of the software superstructure or of underlying hardware.
28.
What is a linker?
A linker is a
program that combines object modules to form an executable program.
Many programming
languages allow you to write different pieces of code, called modules,
separately. This
simplifies the programming task because you can break a large program into
small, more
manageable pieces. Modules has to be put together. This is the job of the
linker. In
addition to
combining modules, a linker also replaces symbolic addresses with real
addresses.
29.
What is a loader?
In computing, a
loader is the part of an operating system that is responsible for one of the
essential stages
in the process of starting a program, loading programs, that is, starting up
programs by
reading the contents of executable into memory, then carrying out other
required
preparatory
tasks, after which the program code is finally allowed to run and is started
when the
operating system
passes control to the loaded program code.
30.
What is Booting?
In computing,
booting (also known as "booting up") is a bootstrapping process that
starts
operating
systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot sequence is the
initial set of operations that the computer performs when power is switched on.
The boot loader typically loads the main operating system for the computer.
31.
What is application software?
An application
software is a set of programs, that allows the computer to perform a
specific data
processing for the user.
32.
How can you obtain required software?
Buying
Pre-defined software, Buying customized software, Developing the software,
Downloading from
the Internet.
33.
What are the categories of application software?
Customized
Application Software, General Application Software.
34.
Define the System.
System is a
group of interrelated components working together towards a common goal.
35.
Specify the personnel’s, who are responsible for system design and
implementation.
System
Personnel, System Analyst, System Designer, Programmers, Users.
36.
What is system development cycle?
System
development cycle is the sequence of events considered by the system developers
to build the new
system or to replace the old one.
37.
What are the phases of Software Development Cycle?
Requirement
Analysis, Feasibility study, System Analysis and Design, Coding /
Development,
Testing, Implementation, Maintenance.
38.
What is Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document?
The Software
Required Specification (SRS) Document is produced at the end of
Requirement
Analysis stage, which specifies all requirements of the customer.
39.
What is meant by Testing?
Testing is the
process of executing the proposed software with sample or test data and put
into regular
use.
40.
How the system can be tested?
Unit Testing,
Integration Testing, System Testing, User Acceptance Test and Installation
Testing.
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