Computer Fundamentals(part-1) 2-marks Questions with Answers
1.
What
is computer?
The word computer comes from the word “compute”, which means,
“to calculate.Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can perform
arithmetic operations at high speed. A computer is also called a data
processor because it can store, process, and retrieve data whenever
desired.
2.
What
is data processing?
3. What is Data ?
Data
is raw material used as input and information is processed
data obtained as output of data
processing.
4.
What
are the Characteristics of Computers?
Automatic:
Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human
interventions
Speed: Computer
can perform data processing jobs very fast, usually measured in microseconds
(10-6),nanoseconds (10-9), and picoseconds (10-12) Accuracy: Accuracy
of a computer is consistently high.
5. what is the time period of 1st
generation? and it’s electronic component?
First generation
(1942-1955),
Vacuum tubes, Electromagnetic
relay memory, Punched cards, secondary storage
6.
what
are the characteristics of 1st generation ?
·
Bulky in size
·
Highly unreliable
·
Limited commercial use and costly
·
Difficult commercial production
·
Difficult to use
7.
Examples
of 1st generation?
ENIAC
§ EDVAC
§ EDSAC
§ UNIVAC
I
§ IBM 701
8. What is the time period of second
generation?it’s electronic componenet?
Second generation (1955-1964)
·
Transistors
§ Magnetic
cores
memory
§ Magnetic
tapes
§ Disks
for secondary Storage
9.
What
is the time period of third generation? it’s electronic componenet?
Third generation (1964-1975)
ICs with SSI and
MSI technologies
§ Larger magnetic cores memory
§ Larger capacity disks and magnetic tapes secondary storage
§Minicomputers; upward compatible family of computers.
10.
What
is the time period of fourth generation? it’s electronic component?
Fourth (1975-1989)
ICs with VLSI technology
§ Microprocessors;
Semi-conductor memory
§ Larger capacity hard disks as
in-built secondary storage
§ Magnetic
tapes and floppy disks as portable storage media
§ Personal
computers
11.
What
is the time period of fifth generation? it’s electronic component?
Fifth(1989-Present)
ICs with ULSI technology
§ Larger capacity main memory, hard disks
12.
what
is input unit ?
An input unit of a computer system performs the Following functions:
It accepts (or reads)
instructions and data from outside World.It converts these instructions and
data in computer Acceptable form.It supplies the converted instructions and
data to the
Computer system for
further processing.
13. What is output unit?
An output unit of a computer system performs the
following functions: It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form and hence, cannot
be easily understood by us It
converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable) form. It supplies the converted
results to outside world.
14. What
is storage unit?
The storage unit of a computer system
holds (or stores)the following :
Data and instructions required for processing (received from
input devices)
Intermediate results of processing. Final
results of processing, before they are released to an output device.
15. What is ALU?
Arithmetic Logic
Unit of a computer system is the place where the actual executions of
instructions takes place during processing operation.
16. What is control unit?
Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates. the
operations of all other components of the computer system.
17. What is central processing unit ?
It
is the brain of a computer system. It is responsible for controlling the
operations of all other units of a computer system.
18. Convert binary to decimal number system?
101012
= (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21)
x (1 x 20)
=
16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
=
2110
19. What is Bit?
Bit
stands for binary digit
A
bit in computer terminology means either a 0 or a 1
A
binary number consisting of n bits is called an n-bit number
20. Convert octal to decimal number
system?
20578 = (2 x 83) + (0 x 82)
+ (5 x 81) + (7 x 80)
= 1024 + 0 + 40 + 7
= 107110
21. Add binary numbers 10011 and 1001 in
both binary form
Solution
10011
+1001
---------
11100
22. Subtract 011102 from 101012
10101
-01110
------------
00111
23. Find 1’s complement of 1011010
Complement
of 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 is 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
24. Find 2’s complement of 1011010
1st
find 1’s complement of 1011010 i.e 0100101
Then
add 1 with 0100101
0100101
+ 1
-----------
0100110
25. Multiply the binary numbers 1010 and
1001
Solution
1010 Multiplicand
x1001 Multiplier
-------
1010
0000
0000
1010
--------------
1011010
26. Types of storage unit of computer?
1) Primary storage
2) Secondary storage.
27. Difference between RAM And ROM?
RAM(Random Access Memory) means it
is possible to
randomly select and use any storage location for storage and retrieval of
data. RAM is
also called a read/write memory because data can both be read from and
written onto these
units. When the power is switched off the data stored in the RAM is
lost.
ROM: ROM is Read Only Memory. In this type of
memory the data is permanently
stored. The information can only
be read and new data cannot be written onto this
memory. However the contents of
the ROM are not lost even when the power is turned off
i.e. this memory is non-volatile. Such memories are also called as field stores, or permanent stores.
28. What is software?
29. What is operating system?
An Operating
system is defined as an integrated set of programs which manage the various
resources and operations of a computer system. The operating system acts as an
interface between the humans and the computer. The operating system ensures
smooth and efficient operation of a computer.
To create a Macro follow the given steps
- On
the View tab choose macros Record macro and give macro a name in
the record macro dialog box
- Click
the keyboard button to assign a keyboard shortcut to the macro
- Type
a keyboard shortcut combinations Ctrl+R and then click the assign button
- Click
the close button
- To
stop recording choose macros Stop recording
31. Define application software and
system software?
The
computer software is classified as :
Application Software : These carry out specific
applications like payroll, financial
accounting etc.
Systems Software : This set of programs controls the
execution of the computer system. It controls the functions of the other
software’s and hardware.
32. What is utility
software?
Utility software : These are program tools used in
program development or to
perform limited tasks.
33. What is firmware?
Firmware : These are programs available on hardware i.e. ROM
chips.
34. What is
programming language?
Programming languages : A language is a set of
instructions which tells the computer what to do. All languages perform the
basic operations of input/output, arithmetic and logic operations and data
movement from and to the CPU.
35. What is machine language?
Machine Language : The only language understood by
the computer, it is a
language of Os and 1s. It is machine dependant and
difficult for the user to
learn.
36. What is assembly language?
Assembly Language : Assembly language uses
mnemonics to write the program
code. This is then converted into machine language
by the assembler.
37. What is high level language?
High Level Languages : They make use of English like
words and statements and
are easy to learn. They are translated into machine
language with the use of
compilers and interpreters. Some of the commonly
used high level languages are
FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, RPG, PASCAL, C, LISP etc.
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